Kurwanya imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo bibaho iyo udukoko duto nka bagiteri, virusi, fungi, na parasite, twagize ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti - harimo imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo, n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo - yahoze igira ingaruka.

Raporo yakozwe n'Ikigo cyo muri Afurika cyo Kurwanya no Gukumira Indwara (Africa CDC) igaragaza ko hakenewe byihutirwa kongera ubugenzuzi, ubushobozi bwa za laboratwari, n'uburyo bwo gusangira amakuru kugira ngo barwanye iki cyorezo.

RBC iraburira ku gukoresha nabi ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe ubudahangarwa bw'imiti yica udukoko bwiyongereye

Kuva kera, imiti yica mikorobe ni yo yabaye urufatiro rw'ubuvuzi bwo muri iki gihe, ikaba yarakijije abantu batabarika. Ariko kandi, kuba bakoreshwa nabi cyane mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, mu buhinzi no mu bworozi, byatumye mikorobe zirwanya iyo mikorobe zigera ku bantu ari nyinshi.

Mu 2019, AMR yishe abantu bagera kuri 23.7 ku bantu 100.000 muri Afurika, akaba aruta umubare w'abantu bose bishwe na virusi itera sida, igituntu na malariya. Nk'uko ikigo cy'Afurika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara z'ibyorezo kibivuga, AMR kandi iteza akaga umutekano w'ibiribwa, ubukungu n'imibereho y'abaturage bo ku mugabane wose.

Afurika ihanganye n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu kurwanya AMR, harimo uburyo bwa laboratwari budahagije, ubugenzuzi buciriritse, n'inzitizi zituma mikorobe zidakira zishobora gukwirakwira. Isuku nke, imiti yica udukoko itari iyo, no kutagira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara, bituma icyo kibazo kirushaho gukomera, bigatuma imihati ishyirwaho mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi itagira icyo igeraho.

Igiteye impungenge ni uko mu bihugu 37, 16% byonyine ari byo bigenzura inyamaswa buri gihe kugira ngo barebe niba nta mikorobe zirwanya virusi ya mikorobe mu matungo, n'ubwo mu mirima y'amatungo habonetse za mikorobe zirwanya virusi ya mikorobe.

GUSOMA N'IBI: Kurwanya ubudahangarwa bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiriye bwo kuyivura

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Africa CDC's Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) bwagaragaje ko 1.3% gusa by'ama laboratwari y'ibinyabuzima bito cyane mu bihugu 14 bigize umuryango wa EAC ari byo bishobora gupima udukoko dutera indwara zo mu bwoko bwa AMR, bikaba bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura ibikoresho byo gupima indwara.

Ubundi bushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu kinyamakuru The Lancet bwagaragaje ko 1% gusa ya laboratoire 53,770 zo mu bihugu 14 ari zo zishobora gupima za mikorobe, bituma abantu barenga miliyoni 136 batagira uburyo bwo gupimwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo.

23% gusa by'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi ni byo byujuje ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bya ISO15189, kandi ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo gusuzuma indwara byari bike, bikaba byerekana ko hakenewe cyane gushora imari mu igenamigambi ry'igihugu (NAP).

Ibigo by'ubushakashatsi byigenga n'iby'ubushakashatsi ku giti cyabyo byakoze neza kurusha iby'ubutegetsi.

Ariko, NAPs zashyize munsi ya 20% by'ingengo y'imari yazo mu gukemura ibyo bibazo.

Abahanga batanga inama zo kwagura ibizamini bya mikorobe kugira ngo bigere kuri 80% by'abaturage, gushyira mu bikorwa serivisi zitangwa n'inzego z'ibanze, kunoza ibyemezo bya laboratwari, no gukoresha uburyo bw'amakuru ya elegitoroniki hamwe n'ahantu ho kugenzura kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ryiza. Ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari bikwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo hakorwe ibikorwa ku gihe no kurinda ubuzima bw'abaturage.

Mu gusubiza icyo kibazo, Africa CDC yatangije imishinga myinshi, harimo na Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative (PGI), igamije guha ibihugu ibikoresho byo gukurikirana no guhangana na AMR mu gihe nyacyo.

Iyi mihati igamije kuzamura ibipimo byo muri laboratwari, mikorobiyojiya, no kugenzura genome ku mugabane wose. Nanone kandi, gahunda z'imyitozo zitegura abakozi b'abahanga kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi, bakurikirane ibikorwa by'ubugenzuzi, kandi bafashe abantu.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga urimo kwibanda cyane ku kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobe. Muri Nzeri 2024, Inama y'Ikirenga ya kabiri ku kurwanya indwara z'ibyorezo (AMR) yabereye mu Nteko Rusange ya 79 y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yemeje itangazo rya politiki ryo kugabanya umubare w'abapfa bazize indwara z'ibyorezo (AMR) ku kigero cya 10% mu 2030.

Iri tangazo, ryashyigikiwe n'amafaranga angana na miriyoni 100 z'amadolari, rikubiyemo n'imihigo yo gutanga amazi, isuku n'isukura (WASH) mu bigo nderabuzima, kubahiriza amahame ya OMS yo kwirinda ubwandu no kugabanya ikoreshwa nabi ry'imiti yica udukoko mu buhinzi.

Imihigo ya Jeddah, yashyizwe ahagaragara mu nama ya kane y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye y'Abaminisitiri ku rwego rwo hejuru ku kurwanya mikorobe muri Arabiya Sawudite, ishimangira inkunga ihoraho n'ubushobozi bungana bwo kubona imiti irwanya mikorobe.

Ingamba zoroshye, zirimo kunoza uburyo bwo gukaraba no kwirinda ubwandu mu bigo nderabuzima, zishobora gukumira kugeza kuri 20% by'abapfa buri mwaka bazize AMR muri Afurika.

Africa CDC yashyigikiye ibyo by'ibanze muri raporo yayo y'ibanze ku mugabane w'Afurika, yemeza ko ibibazo by'Afurika bishyirwa mu bikorwa by'isi. Izi nshingano zigamije gushimangira ubushobozi bwa Afurika bwo kurwanya AMR no gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu kurwanya iyi ndwara ku isi.

Malawi itanga urugero rwiza rwo kurwanya AMR binyuze muri Komite ishinzwe guhuza kurwanya imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo (AMRCC), yashyizweho muri Minisiteri y'Ubuzima. Uburyo bw'iyi komite bwitwa "Ubuzima bumwe" buhuza inzego z'ubuzima bw'abantu, ubw'inyamaswa n'ubw'ibidukikije.

Amategeko akomeye n'inkunga ya politiki ni byo byatumye uyu mushinga utera imbere, harimo guhugura abakozi b'ubuzima buri gihe, gushyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura no gukorana n'abaterankunga.