Dukurikije ibyavuzwe na Dr. Theoneste Maniragaba, Umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ya Kanseri mu Kigo cy'Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda (RBC), avuga ko gupima hakiri kare bigira uruhare mu kuzamura imibare y'abarokoka n'ingaruka z'ubuvuzi.

Yongeraho ko RBC irimo gukemura iki kibazo mu buryo bwimbitse binyuze mu kwibanda ku gupima, gukingira no gushyira imbaraga mu gukangurira abaturage.

Mu mwaka wa 2024, RBC yatangaje ko habonetse abarwayi bashya ba kanseri 5,500 n'abantu bagera ku 3,000 bapfuye bazize iyo ndwara. Muri iyi ngingo, The New Times isuzuma ubwoko bwa kanseri bukunze kugaragara cyane mu Rwanda.

 Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura: 

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, yibasira cyane cyane abagore, yagaragaye mu barwayi 636 mu 2023. Gupima bikorwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya Pap smear n'ibizamini bya HPV (human Papillomavirus), bifasha mu gutahura impinduka z'inkondo y'inda z'inda ziterwa na kanseri.

Dr. Maniragaba yasobanuye ko mu bijyanye na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, barimo gukingira abana bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 13 na 15 bafite intego yo gukingira 90% by'abo bari muri icyo kigero cy'imyaka, yongeraho ko mu bijyanye no gupima, intego ari ukubonera ko 90% by'abagore bagaragayeho indwara z'ibisebe bakira.

Yavuze ko abagore bafite ibikomere mbere y'indwara ya kanseri bavurirwa mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu gace batuyemo hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'ubushyuhe cyangwa uburyo bwitwa LEEP. Ku bantu basanzwemo uburwayi bwa kanseri, boherezwa mu bigo by'ubuvuzi byihariye nk'Ibitaro bya Gisirikare by'u Rwanda n'Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal.

 Muri ibyo bigo, abarwayi babazwa ibijyanye n'ubwonko bwabo, bakagenzurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa CT, bakagenzurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa IRM kugira ngo basuzume neza ko barwaye kanseri kandi barebe n'aho igeze. Yongeyeho ko hashingiwe ku cyiciro, uburyo bwo kwivuza nk'ubuvuzi bw'indwara cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire bufatwaho umwanzuro.

Kanseri y'ibere:

Kanseri y'ibere ikomeje kuba imwe muri kanseri zikunze kugaragara mu Rwanda, aho abantu 706 ari abagore naho 33 ari abagabo. Ubusanzwe, gusuzuma indwara bisaba ko abagore barengeje imyaka 40 cyangwa bayirengeje bakora mammographie buri gihe, cyane cyane ku bagore bafite mu miryango yabo abanduye iyi ndwara.

Dukurikije ibyavuzwe na Dr. Maniragaba, mu kuvura kanseri y'ibere, imihati yo gukangurira abantu kwita kuri iyo ndwara ihujwe no gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, aho bavuga ko mu gihe hagaragaye ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, umurwayi yoherezwa ku bigo by'ubuvuzi kugira ngo asuzumwe neza, amenye icyiciro arwariyeho, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kumuvura.

Yagize ati "Tusobanurira abagore bose baje kwipimisha kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso by'indwara mbi cyangwa ibikomere by'ibere".

Yavuze kandi ko mu kuvura kanseri y'ibere harimo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire, imiti yo kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti yo mu bwoko bwa 'chemotherapy' ndetse no kubagwa, ashimangira ko uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri y'ibere buhurijweho n'ubw'iy'inda, bityo bigatuma abagore bamenya neza iby'izo kanseri zombi.

 Kanseri y'ibere:

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura isuzumwa hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amaraso bizwi ku izina rya PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 516 bagaragaweho kanseri ya prostate.

Dr. Maniragaba yashimangiye ko abagabo barengeje imyaka 50, cyangwa abafite mu miryango yabo kanseri ya prostate, bashishikarizwa kujya bapimwa buri gihe.

Yasobanuye ko uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura no kuyivura ari kimwe n'ubw'izindi kanseri.

"Abagabo bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 49 barimo barapimwa, kandi intego ni uko mu mwaka wa 2027, abagabo bagera kuri miriyoni 1,3 bazaba bamaze gupimwa. Iyo habonetse uburwayi runaka, bahabwa amavuriro aho bakorerwa ibindi bizamini kugira ngo bashobore gusuzumwa neza no kuvurwa neza".

Kanseri y'ibere

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura isuzumwa hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amaraso bizwi ku izina rya PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 516 bagaragaweho kanseri ya prostate.

Dr. Maniragaba yashimangiye ko abagabo barengeje imyaka 50, cyangwa abafite mu miryango yabo kanseri ya prostate, bashishikarizwa kujya bapimwa buri gihe.

Yasobanuye ko uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura no kuyivura ari kimwe n'ubw'izindi kanseri.

"Abagabo bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 49 barimo barapimwa, kandi intego ni uko mu mwaka wa 2027, abagabo bagera kuri miriyoni 1,3 bazaba bamaze gupimwa. Iyo habonetse uburwayi runaka, bahabwa amavuriro aho bakorerwa ibindi bizamini kugira ngo bashobore gusuzumwa neza no kuvurwa neza".

Kanseri y'igifu:

Kanseri y'igifu ntabwo ikunze gukorerwa isuzuma muri rusange, ariko abantu bafite amateka yo mu muryango cyangwa ibimenyetso (nk'ibura ry'ibiro ridasobanutse, kubabara mu gifu, cyangwa igifu gikomeza) bashobora gukorerwa endoscopie.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo kubagwa kugira ngo bakuyemo igice cyangwa igifu cyose, kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakoreshejwe imirasire. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvurwa biterwa n'icyiciro kanseri iriho.

Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 213 n'abagore 259 ni bo bagaragaweho icyo cyorezo.

Kanseri y'umwijima:

Mu mwaka wa 2023, kanseri y'umwijima yagaragaye ku bagabo 197 n'abagore 186. Akenshi abantu bafite amateka y'indwara z'umwijima zidakira, nka hepatite B na hepatite C, bagirwa inama yo kwipimisha kanseri y'umwijima.

Ubusanzwe ibizamini byo gupima indwara y'impyiko bigizwe no gupimwa ibipimo bya ultrasound buri gihe ndetse no gupimwa amaraso kugira ngo harebwe uko impyiko zikora.

Dr. Maniragaba yavuze kandi ko ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'umwijima bushobora kuba burimo kubagwa (urugero nko kuvanaho umwijima), gutera umwijima, cyangwa ubuvuzi bw'aho hantu nko kuvura cyangwa kuvuriza. Hakurikijwe icyiciro kanseri igezeho, umuntu ashobora no kwifashisha imiti yo kuvura kanseri n'indi miti igamije kuyivura.

Kanseri yo mu gifu no mu kibuno:

Mu mwaka wa 2023, mu Rwanda habonetse abagabo 146 n'abagore 188 barwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Colonoscopy ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo gupima indwara, ubusanzwe bukoreshwa ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50, cyangwa mbere y'aho ku bantu bafite amateka yo mu muryango. Nanone hakoreshwa ibizamini by'amaraso n'iby'ibishishwa (nk'ibizamini by'amaraso yihishe mu mwanda).

Incuro nyinshi, iyo kanseri bayivura babaga bagomba kuyibaga bakayivanaho, bakayivura bakoresheje imiti yo mu bwoko bwa chimiothérapie cyangwa bagakoresha imirasire y'izuba, cyane cyane iyo kanseri imaze gukwirakwira.

Indwara ya Leucémie:

Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 135 n'abagore 146 barwaye indwara ya leucémie. Iyo ndwara igaragazwa n'ibizamini by'amaraso n'ibizamini by'uruhu rw'amagufwa, kubera ko ibizamini bya buri gihe bidakunze gukorwa.

Uburyo bwo kuvurwa burimo gukoresha imiti yo mu bwoko bwa chimiothérapie, gukoresha imiti yihariye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no gutera umuntu insoro, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa leucémie n'ubuzima bw'umurwayi muri rusange.

Indwara y'ibibyimba:

Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 129 n'abagore 103 banduye indwara ya lymphome. Iyo ndwara igaragazwa n'ibimenyetso byayo, urugero nk'indwara y'imitsi y'ibinyigishi, maze bigashimangirwa n'ibizamini by'umubiri (biopsie). Imashini za CT zishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ikwirakwira ry'iyo ndwara.

Uburyo bwo kuvurwa bushobora kuba bukubiyemo gukoresha imiti ya kanseri, gukoresha imirasire y'izuba, kandi rimwe na rimwe umuntu ashobora no guterwa ingirabuzimafatizo, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri n'icyiciro irimo.

Kanseri yo mu muhogo no mu bihaha:

Ubusanzwe gupima kanseri y'ibihaha bikubiyemo gukoresha ibipimo bike bya CT ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara, urugero nk'abafite amateka yo kunywa itabi, kandi hashobora no gukoreshwa X-ray z'igifu.

Mu 2023, hari abagabo 74 n'abagore 103 barwaye kanseri y'ibihaha.

Uburyo bwo kuvurwa butandukana bitewe n'aho kanseri iherereye, ubwoko bwayo n'icyiciro cyayo, kandi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo kubagwa, kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire, cyangwa kuvura hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo.

Kanseri yo mu kanwa no mu muhogo:

Mu mwaka wa 2023, abagabo 98 n'abagore 59 banduye kanseri yo mu kanwa no mu muhogo, ikaba ari yo kanseri ya nyuma ku rutonde.

Ubusanzwe, mu gusuzuma umuntu hakorwa isuzuma ry'umubiri mu kanwa, mu muhogo no mu ijosi, hanyuma hakakurikiraho gupima ibihaha mu gihe habonetse ibikomere biteye inkeke.

Uburyo bwo kuvurwa bushobora kuba bukubiyemo kubagwa kugira ngo umurwayi avurwe ikibyimba, kuribwa bakoresheje imirasire y'izuba n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri, bitewe n'aho kanseri iherereye n'icyiciro irimo.

Dr. Maniragaba yashimangiye akamaro ko gupima hakiri kare, avuga ko bifasha mu gutahura indwara hakiri kare kandi bikongera amahirwe yo kuvurwa no gukira.

Yongeyeho ati "Turimo kugerageza gukora uburezi, dushobora kwirinda aho bishoboka, ariko nanone, aho indwara yabonetse, kugira ngo abaturage bacu babone ubushobozi bw'abantu n'ibikoresho kugira ngo bizabafashe kwivuza neza".